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Aircraft upset is a dangerous condition in aircraft operations in which the flight attitude or airspeed of an aircraft is outside the normal bounds of operation for which it is designed. This may result in the loss of control (LOC) of the aircraft, and sometimes the total loss of the aircraft itself. Loss of control may be due to turbulent weather, pilot disorientation, or a system failure.〔〔 The U.S. NASA Aviation Safety Program〔http://gltrs.grc.nasa.gov/reports/2000/TM-2000-209810.pdf〕〔Note: Partial text copied from referenced FAA or NASA document. As a public work of the U.S. Government, the document is in the public domain and has no copyright.〕 defines ''upset prevention'' and ''upset recovery'' as to prevent loss-of-control accidents due to aircraft upset after inadvertently entering an extreme or abnormal flight attitude. A Boeing-compiled list determined that 2,051 lives were lost in 22 accidents in the years 1998–2007 due to LOC accidents.〔 NTSB data for 1994–2003 count 32 accidents and more than 2,100 lives lost worldwide.〔http://www.nastarcenter.com/news/view.php?volume=2&issue=4&article=101〕 ==Overview== Loss of control as a factor in aviation accidents came into the spotlight with the 1994 crash of USAir Flight 427, which killed all 127 passengers and 5 crew members on board. In their report on the crash, the U.S. NTSB stated that prior to the crash they "...had issued a series of safety recommendations over a 24-year period, asking the FAA to require air carriers to train pilots in recoveries from unusual flight attitudes. Throughout this period, the Safety Board was generally not satisfied with the FAA’s responses to these recommendations; specifically, the Board disagreed with the FAA’s responses that cited the inadequacy of flight simulators as a reason for not providing pilots with the requested training. However, after the USAir Flight 427 accident and the October 31, 1994, ATR-72 accident involving American Eagle Flight 4184 near Roselawn, Indiana, the FAA issued guidance to air carriers, acknowledging the value of flight simulator training in unusual attitude recoveries and encouraging air carriers to voluntarily provide this training to their pilots."〔(USAir Flight 427 Accident report, pg. 283 )〕 Some carriers did implement their own voluntary training programs, following those accidents, and the NTSB regarded those programs as "excellent."〔 In October 1996, the NTSB issued a formal Safety Recommendation (A-96-120), which requested the FAA to require all airlines to provide simulator training for flight crews, which would enable them to recognize and recover from "unusual attitudes and upset maneuvers, including upsets that occur while the aircraft is being controlled by automatic flight control systems, and unusual attitudes that result from flight control malfunctions and uncommanded flight control surface movements."〔〔 In 2004, the U.S. FAA issued its first ''Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid''.〔http://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/training/media/Appendix%203-E_HighAltOperations.ppt〕 The second revision of that document〔http://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/training/media/AP_UpsetRecovery_Book.pdf U.S. FAA Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid, Revision 2, 443 pages, 25.8 MB〕 was released in 2008 and is available at the FAA's website.〔http://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/training/index.cfm〕 New FAA rules are expected to be finalized in 2010, requiring specific training for pilots to recover from aircraft upset incidents.〔 New training programs may be known under the term ''advanced maneuver – upset recovery training'' (AM-URT).〔 In 2009, the Royal Aeronautical Society formed a new group of experts, who will form documentation to allow better simulations of aircraft upset conditions, and thus better training programs. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aircraft upset」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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